Use of health services and adherence to social distancing by adults with Noncommunicable Diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, Brazil, 2020. / Uso dos serviços de saúde e adesão ao distanciamento social por adultos com doenças crônicas na pandemia de COVID-19, Brasil, 2020.

The present study investigates the association between the self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable disease (NCD) and the adherence to social distancing and the use of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study with Brazilian adults who participated in the ConVid- Behavior Survey, conducted online between April 24 and May 24, 2020(n = 45.161). This studyconsidered the following NCDs: diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, heart disease, and cancer, and evaluated the use of health services and the adherence to social distancing, as well as estimated the prevalences and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 33,9% (95% CI: 32,5-35,3) referred to one or more NCD. Individuals with NCDsshowed a greater adherence to intense social distancing (aPR: 1,07;95% CI: 1,03-1,11), sought out health services more often (aPR:1,24; 95% CI:1,11-1,38), and found greater difficultyin scheduling doctor's appointments (aPR:1.52; 95% CI 1,35-1,71), receiving healthcare treatment (APR:1,50;95% CI:1,22-1,84) and medication (APR:2,17;95% CI:1,77-2,67), and performing examinations (APR:1,78;95% CI:1,50-2,10) and scheduled interventions (APR:1,65;95% CI:1,16-2,34). The presence of NCDs was associated with social distancing, seeking out health care, and difficulty in using health services.

Este estudo investiga a associação entre diagnóstico autorreferido de Doença Crônica Não Transmissível (DCNT) e adesão ao distanciamento social e utilização dos serviços de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Estudo transversal com adultos brasileiros que participaram da ConVid Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020, via web (n = 45.161). Considerou as DCNT: diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer. Avaliou a utilização de serviços de saúde e a adesão ao distanciamento social. Estimou as prevalências e razões de prevalências ajustadas (RPa). 33,9% (IC95%: 32,5-35,3) referiu uma ou mais DCNT. Indivíduos com DCNT tiveram maior adesão ao distanciamento social intenso (RPa:1,07; IC95%:1,03-1,11), procuraram mais o serviço de saúde (RPa:1,24; IC95%:1,11-1,38) e tiveram mais dificuldades para marcar consulta (RPa:1,52; IC95%:1,35-1,71), conseguir atendimento de saúde (RPa:1,50; IC95%:1,22-1,84) e medicamentos (RPa:2,17; IC95%:1,77-2,67), realizar exames (RPa:1,78; IC95%:1,50-2,10) e intervenções programadas (RPa:1,65; IC95%:1,16-2,34). A presença de DCNT associou-se à maior adesão ao distanciamento social, procura por atendimento de saúde e dificuldade na utilização dos serviços de saúde.

Factors associated with the incidence and worsening of back pain during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil. / Fatores associados à incidência e à piora do problema de coluna durante a primeira onda da COVID-19 no Brasil.

The article aims to estimate the incidence and worsening of back pain (BP) during the first wave of COVID-19 in Brazil, as well as to investigate demographic, socioeconomic factors and associated changes in living conditions. ConVid - Behavior Research, applied between April and May 2020, was used as data source. The number and distribution of respondents who developed BP and those who had a worsening of the preexisting problem, their 95% confidence intervals and Pearson's Chi-square test were estimated. The odds ratio of developing BP or worsening a preexisting problem was also estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Pre-existing BP was reported by 33.9% (95%CI 32.5-35.3) of respondents and more than half (54.4%; 95%CI 51.9-56.9) had worsened. The cumulative incidence of BP in the first wave of the pandemic was 40.9% (95%CI 39.2-42.7). Being a woman, the perceived increase in housework and the frequent feeling of sadness or depression were associated with both outcomes. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with any of outcome. The high incidence and worsening of BP during the first wave reveal the need for studies in more recent periods, given the long duration of the pandemic.

O artigo tem como objetivo estimar a incidência e o agravamento do problema de coluna (PC) durante a primeira onda da COVID-19 no Brasil, bem como investigar os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e as mudanças nas condições de vida associadas. Utilizou-se a ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020, como fonte de dados. Estimou-se o número e a distribuição dos entrevistados que desenvolveram PC e a dos que tiveram agravamento no problema preexistente, seus intervalos de 95% de confiança e o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Estimou-se também a razão de chance de desenvolver PC ou ter piora de problema preexistente por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla. O PC preexistente foi reportado por 33,9% (IC95% 32,5-35,3) dos entrevistados e mais da metade (54,4%; IC95% 51,9-56,9) teve piora do quadro. A incidência cumulativa de PC na primeira onda da pandemia foi de 40,9% (IC95% 39,2-42,7). Ser mulher, o aumento percebido do trabalho doméstico e o sentimento frequente de tristeza ou depressão foram associados a ambos os desfechos. Os fatores socioeconômicos não foram associados a nenhum dos desfechos. A alta incidência e agravamento do PC durante a primeira onda revelam a necessidade de estudos em períodos mais recentes, dada a longa duração da pandemia.

Mental health of Brazilian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We aimed to assess the factors associated with frequent sadness and nervousness in Brazilian adolescents, during the Covid-19 pandemic, in 9470 adolescents (aged 12-17 years), interviewed from June 27 to September 17, 2020. Prevalences and prevalence ratios were estimated according to socio-demographic variables and factors related to family, school, friends, and health. Brazilian adolescents often felt sad (32.4%) and nervous (48.7%). Higher prevalences of these feelings were related to: being female; aged 15-17 year; from families with financial difficulties; having learned little or nothing with remote education; missing friends; having few friends; family disagreements; having regular/bad health before the pandemic; and worsened health and sleep during the pandemic. Higher prevalence of nervousness was also found in adolescents who worked before the pandemic and those who reported lack of concentration and not knowing if they had COVID-19. Sadness and nervousness in Brazilian adolescents is high and the need for action by the government, schools, health services, and parents to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the physical and mental health of adolescents. Special attention must be paid to adolescents with previous health problems and those belonging to the most socially vulnerable population.

Brumadinho Health Project: methodological aspects and epidemiological profile of participants in the cohort baseline.

OBJECTIVE: To present the methodological aspects of the Brumadinho Health Project and to describe the epidemiological profile of participants in the baseline cohort. METHODS: Prospective, population-based cohort study in a representative sample of residents (aged 12 and over) of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, after a mining tailings dam failure. Information for the baseline was collected in 2021, two years after the mining tailings dam collapsed, including sociodemographic, health and service use aspects, among others. Prevalence estimates of health outcomes were described in Brumadinho, as well as in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey. All analyses were performed in the software Stata 17.0, considering the sampling weights and design effect. RESULTS: 3,080 (86.4%) residents participated in the study, most of them being females (56.7%) and with a mean age of 46.1 years. The diseases more frequently reported were arterial hypertension (30.1%), high cholesterol (23.1%) and depression (22.5%), similarly to what was observed in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, although the prevalence in Brumadinho was higher. At least one medical appointment and one hospitalization occurred in 75.2% and 9.4% of residents in the past year, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is important to monitor health, physical and mental conditions of residents after the occurrence of a disaster of this magnitude. This information can contribute with risk management of these processes, not only in the affected municipality, but also in other areas where populations are at risk of major disasters.

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among front-line healthcare workers in Northeast Brazil: a respondent-driven sampling approach.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages and occurrence of biological accidents among front-line healthcare workers (HCW). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Using respondent-driven sampling, the study recruited distinct categories of HCW attending suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021, in the Recife metropolitan area, Northeast Brazil. OUTCOME MEASURES: The criterion to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW was a positive self-reported PCR test. RESULTS: We analysed 1525 HCW: 527 physicians, 471 registered nurses, 263 nursing assistants and 264 physical therapists. Women predominated in all categories (81.1%; 95% CI: 77.8% to 84.1%). Nurses were older with more comorbidities (hypertension and overweight/obesity) than the other staff. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 61.8% (95% CI: 55.7% to 67.5%) after adjustment for the cluster random effect, weighted by network, and the reference population size. Risk factors for a positive RT-PCR test were being a nursing assistant (OR adjusted: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.61), not always using all recommended PPE while assisting patients with COVID-19 (OR adj: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.53) and reporting a splash of biological fluid/respiratory secretion in the eyes (OR adj: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.10 to 10.34). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the high frequency of SARS-CoV2 infection among HCW presumably due to workplace exposures. In our setting, nursing assistant comprised the most vulnerable category. Our findings highlight the need for improving healthcare facility environments, specific training and supervision to cope with public health emergencies.

[Homecare of elderly Brazilians with functional dependency: inequalities and challenges during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic]. / O cuidado domiciliar de idosos com dependência funcional no Brasil: desigualdades e desafios no contexto da primeira onda da pandemia de COVID-19.

The article aims to analyze the pandemic's effect on the burden of care for elderly persons with functional dependency according to the presence of hired caregivers and socioeconomic conditions in the year 2020. Data were obtained from the ConVid - Behavior Survey of 2020. We calculated the percentage distribution and prevalence of the population living with elderly persons with functional dependency during the COVID-19 pandemic according to sex, race/color, and income. We estimated the Pearson chi-square test and prevalence ratio for the increase in household work, fitting Poisson regression models with robust variance and using 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Among adults living with elderly individuals, 8.1% (95%CI: 7.1-9.4) had at least one elderly person with functional dependency. During the pandemic, 11.7% (95%CI: 8.5-16.0) stopped hiring third-party caregivers, which can be explained by social distancing to reduce risk of transmission and/or by the decline in families' purchasing power. Those who lost hired caregivers during the pandemic were more likely to experience an increase in the burden of care, regardless of their socioeconomic status. There was an unequal distribution of caregiving work in the population, intensified by the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic. The heavier load of care for elderly persons with functional dependency was sharper in more socioeconomically privileged groups such as whites and those with higher income. One hypothesis is that more vulnerable groups already bore a high burden of care before the pandemic. The crisis in care has been aggravated by the dismantling of primary healthcare in Brazil, a reduction in social support for Brazilian families during the pandemic, and rising unemployment, decreasing families' capacity to hire caregivers.

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o efeito da pandemia na carga de cuidado da pessoa idosa com dependência funcional, segundo a presença de cuidador contratado e condições socioeconômicas no ano de 2020. Utilizou-se a ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos de 2020 como fonte de dados. Calculou-se a distribuição percentual e a prevalência da população que mora com idoso com dependência funcional durante a pandemia da COVID-19, segundo sexo, raça/cor da pele e renda. Estimou-se o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e a razão da prevalência de aumento do trabalho doméstico, ajustando-se modelos de regressão de Poisson com a variância robusta. Utilizou-se o intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Entre adultos que moravam com idoso, 8,1% (IC95%: 7,1-9,4) tinham pelo menos um idoso com dependência funcional. Durante a pandemia, 11,7% (IC95%: 8,5-16,0) deixaram de ter cuidador, o que se explica pelo distanciamento social para redução de risco de contágio e/ou pela diminuição da capacidade aquisitiva das famílias. Aqueles que perderam cuidador remunerado durante a pandemia tiveram maior probabilidade de aumento da carga do cuidado, independentemente da condição socioeconômica. Verificou-se a distribuição desigual do trabalho de cuidar na população, que se intensificou com a chegada da pandemia da COVID-19. A piora da carga de cuidado de idoso com dependência funcional foi mais acentuada entre os grupos mais privilegiados, como brancos e de maior renda. Uma hipótese é a de que os grupos mais vulneráveis já tivessem uma alta carga de cuidado antes da pandemia. A crise no cuidado se agrava diante do desmonte da atenção básica, redução do suporte social às famílias brasileiras no contexto de pandemia e aumento do desemprego, diminuindo a capacidade de contratação de cuidador.

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto de la pandemia en la carga de cuidado de la persona anciana con dependencia funcional, según la presencia del cuidador contratado y condiciones socioeconómicas, durante el año 2020. Se utilizó la ConVid - Encuesta de Comportamientos de 2020 como fuente de datos. Se calculó la distribución porcentual y la prevalencia de la población que vive con anciano con dependencia funcional durante la pandemia de COVID-19, según sexo, raza/color de piel y renta. Se estimó el test de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y la razón de la prevalencia de aumento del trabajo doméstico, ajustándose a modelos de regresión de Poisson con variancia robusta. Se utilizó el intervalo de 95% de confianza (IC95%). Entre adultos que vivían con ancianos, un 8,1% (IC95%: 7,1-9,4) tenían por lo menos un anciano con dependencia funcional. Durante la pandemia, un 11,7% (IC95%: 8,5-16,0) dejaron de tener cuidador, lo que se explica por el distanciamiento social para la reducción del riesgo de contagio y/o por la disminución de la capacidad adquisitiva de las familias. Aquellos que perdieron un cuidador remunerado durante la pandemia tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de aumento de la carga del cuidado, independientemente de la condición socioeconómica. Se verificó la distribución desigual del trabajo de cuidar en la población, que se intensificó con la llegada de la pandemia de COVID-19. El empeoramiento de la carga de cuidado de anciano con dependencia funcional fue más acentuada entre los grupos más privilegiados, como blancos y de mayor renta. Una hipótesis es la de que los grupos más vulnerables ya tuvieran una alta carga de cuidado antes de la pandemia. La crisis en el cuidado se agrava ante el desmantelamiento de la Atención Básica, reducción del apoyo social a las familias brasileñas en el contexto de pandemia y aumento del desempleo, disminuyendo la capacidad de contratación de cuidadores.

Factors affecting Brazilians' self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a cross-sectional study investigating the factors affecting brazilians' self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on data from the web-based behavior survey. Carried out from April 24 to May 24, 2020, the survey recruited participants by a chain sampling procedure. Its outcome was the worsening of self-rated health during the pandemic. Statistical analysis was based on a hierarchical model of determination. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing health conditions, lifestyle indicators and intensity of social restraint measures, and biological and psychological issues during the pandemic. From the total sample of 45,161 participants, 29.4% reported worsening of health state during this period. After adjusting for hierarchical distal factors, the health problems mostly associated with worsening health state were: bad self-rated health (adjusted OR = 4.35, p < 0.001), health care seeking for mental health problem (adjusted OR = 3.95, p < 0.001), and for COVID-19 (adjusted OR = 3.60, p < 0.001). People who experienced sleep problems, worsening of back pain, depression and at least one flu symptom during the pandemic were twice as likely to report worsening of health status. Sedentary and eating behaviors and adherence to social distancing measures showed significant correlation with the outcome. There exists a relation between social, biological, and psychological factors, mediated by lifestyles and variables pertaining to confinement. Altogether, these factors have negatively affected self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Noncommunicable diseases and changes in lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. / Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e mudanças nos estilos de vida durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the presence or absence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using data from the ConVid survey, between April and May 2020. The following variables were evaluated: lifestyle and presence of one or more NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, heart disease, and cancer). Sociodemographic characteristics were used as adjustment. Relative frequencies and confidence intervals (CI) of 95% of the explanatory variables were calculated before and during the pandemic. For the comparison of groups, with or without NCDs, crude and adjusted (PRadj) prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: There was a reduction in physical activity (60% in those without NCDs and 58% in those with NCDs) and in vegetable consumption (10.8% in those without NCDs and 12.7% in those with NCDs). On the other hand, there was an increase in the time spent watching television and on screens of computer/tablet (302% and 43.5% in those without NCDs and 196.5% and 30.6% with NCDs, respectively); consumption of frozen meals (43.6% in those without NCDs and 53.7% with NCDs), snacks (42.3% without NCDs and 31.2% with NCDs), and chocolate (14.8% without NCDs). During the pandemic, patients with NCDs were less active (PRadj = 0.77; 95%CI 0.65 - 0.92), had greater habit of watching TV (PRadj = 1.16; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.26), and consumed less vegetables (PRadj = 0.88; 95%CI 0.81 - 0.96). CONCLUSION: It was evident that adults with NCDs had their lifestyles more altered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJETIVO: Comparar as mudanças de estilos de vida durante a pandemia COVID-19, segundo a presença ou não de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis estilo de vida e presença de uma ou mais DCNT (diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer). As características sociodemográficas foram usadas como ajuste. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e os intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% das variáveis antes da e durante a pandemia. Para a comparação de grupos, sem ou com DCNT, estimaram-se as prevalências e razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada (RPa) utilizando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Houve redução da prática de atividade física (60% nos sem DCNT e 58% nos com DCNT) e do consumo de hortaliças (10,8% nos sem DCNT e 12,7% nos com DCNT). Verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de televisão e computador/tablet (302 e 43,5% nos sem DCNT e 196,5 e 30,6% nos com DCNT, respectivamente); consumo de congelados (43,6% nos sem DCNT e 53,7% com DCNT), salgadinhos (42,3% sem DCNT e 31,2% com DCNT) e chocolate (14,8% sem DCNT). Durante a pandemia, portadores de DCNT apresentaram menor prática de atividade física suficiente (RPa = 0,77; IC95% 0,65 - 0,92), maior hábito de assistir à televisão (RPa = 1,16; IC95% 1,08 - 1,26) e menor consumo de hortaliças (RPa = 0,88; IC95% 0,81 - 0,96). CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se que adultos com DCNT tiveram seus estilos de vida mais alterados durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

Changes in Brazilians' socioeconomic and health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To describe changes in socioeconomic and health conditions of Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with data from a web-based behavioral survey carried out from April 24 to May 24, 2020, with 45,161 participants recruited by the chain sampling method. A descriptive analysis of the survey topics was performed: adherence to social restriction measures, diagnosis of the new coronavirus, work situation and income, difficulties in routine activities, presence of comorbidities, psychological issues, and access to health services. Prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: Approximately 74% of Brazilians adhered to social restrictions. As for flu symptoms, 28.1% reported having at least one flu symptom, but only 5.9% underwent testing for COVID-19. Regarding the socioeconomic impact, 55.1% reported a decrease in family income, and 7.0% were left without any income; 25.8% of the people lost their jobs, with the group of informal workers being the most affected (50.6%). As for health conditions, 29.4% reported worsening of health status; 45%, having sleep problems; 40% frequently presented feelings of sadness, and 52.5%, of anxiety; 21.7% sought health care, and, among them, 13.9% did not get care. CONCLUSION: The findings show the importance of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, to mitigate the adverse effects on the socioeconomic and health conditions related to social restriction measures.

OBJETIVO: Descrever as mudanças nas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde dos brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados de pesquisa de comportamentos realizada pela internet de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020 com 45.161 participantes recrutados por amostragem em cadeia. Foi feita uma análise descritiva de temas abordados na pesquisa: adesão às medidas de restrição social, diagnóstico do novo coronavírus, situação de trabalho e rendimentos, dificuldades nas atividades de rotina, presença de comorbidades, estado de ânimo e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Foram estimados as prevalências e os intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 75% dos brasileiros aderiram à restrição social. Quanto aos sintomas de gripe, 28,1% relatou ter apresentado algum sintoma, mas apenas 5,9% realizou teste para COVID-19. Em relação à situação socioeconômica, 55,1% relatou diminuição do rendimento familiar, e 7% ficou sem rendimento; 25,8% dos indivíduos ficaram sem trabalhar, sendo o grupo de trabalhadores informais o mais afetado (50,6%). Quanto às condições de saúde, 29,4% avaliou que a sua saúde piorou; 45% teve problemas no sono, 40% apresentou, frequentemente, sentimento de tristeza e 52,5% de ansiedade/nervosismo; 21,7% procurou serviço de saúde e, entre estes, 13,9% não conseguiu atendimento. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados mostram a importância do controle da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, para mitigar os efeitos adversos na situação socioeconômica e nas condições de saúde relacionados às medidas de restrição social.

Adherence to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. / Adesão às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adherence of the population to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: This was a web-based health survey carried out from April 24 to May 24 2020 using a chain sampling procedure. Intensity of adherence to physical contact restriction measures was analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics, using logistic regression models to investigate associations with 'No/little adherence'. RESULTS: Of the 45,161 participants, 74.2% (73.8;74.6%) reported intense adherence to the measures. The group that did not adhere to the measures was characterized by men (31.7%), those aged 30 to 49 (36.4%), those with low education levels (33.0%), those who worked during the pandemic (81.3%), those resident in the North (28.1%) and Midwest (28.5%) regions of the country. In Brazil as a whole, there was a decrease in COVID-19 daily growth rates, from 45.4% to 5.0%. CONCLUSION: A large part of the Brazilian population adhered to physical contact restriction measures, which possibly contributed to decreasing the spread of COVID-19.

ELSI-COVID-19 initiative: methodology of the telephone survey on coronavirus in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging.

The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that particularly affects older people. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, ranking second with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide as of mid-June 2020. The ELSI-COVID-19 initiative is based on telephone interviews with participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted on a nationally representative sample of the population aged 50 or older. This initiative aims to provide information on adherence to preventive measures (social distancing, wearing masks, and handwashing/hygiene); reasons for leaving the house, when that was the case; difficulties obtaining medications, medical diagnosis of COVID-19, and receipt of confirmatory results; use of health-care services (recent care-seeking, care-seeking location, care receipt, among other aspects); and mental health (sleep, depression, and loneliness). The first round of telephone interviews was conducted between May 26 and June 8, 2020. The second and third rounds are expected to occur within the coming months. This article presents this initiative methodology and some sociodemographic characteristics of the 6,149 participants in the survey first round, relative the Brazilian population within the same age group.

Lifestyle behaviors changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among 6,881 Brazilian adults with depression and 35,143 without depression

Our aim was to analyze the association between previously diagnosed lifetime depression and changes in physical activity (PA), TV-viewing, consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as frequency of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Data of 41,923 Brazilian adults (6,881 with depression and 35,042 without depression) were used. Participants reported PA (&#8805;150 min/week), TV-viewing (&#8805;4 h/day), frequency of eating fruits or vegetables (&#8804;4 days/week) and UPF (&#8805;5 days/week). For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without the risk behavior before the quarantine. People without and with depression presented, respectively, incidence of physical inactivity [70.1% (95%CI: 67.4-72.8) vs 76.3 (70.3-81.5)], high TV-viewing [31.2 (29.6-32.8) vs 33.9 (30.5-37.4)], low frequency of fruit or vegetable consumption [28.3 (25.8-31.0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] and elevated frequency of UPF consumption [9.7 (8.9-10.7) vs 15.2 (13.0-17.7)]. Participants with depression were more likely to present elevated frequency of UPF consumption incidence [OR:1.49 (95%CI:1.21-1.83)]. Thus, participants with previous diagnosis of depression were at risk for incidence of unhealthy diet behaviors. Resumo Nosso objetivo foi analisar a associação entre depressão previamente diagnosticada e alterações na atividade física (AF), tempo assistindo TV, consumo de frutas e vegetais, bem como na frequência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP). Foram utilizados dados de 41.923 adultos brasileiros (6.881 com depressão e 35.042 sem depressão) de uma pesquisa de comportamentos em âmbito nacional. Os participantes relataram a prática de AF (&#8805;150 min / semana), tempo de TV (&#8805;4 h/dia), frequência de consumo de frutas ou vegetais (&#8804;4 dias/semana) e AUP (&#8805;5 dias/semana). Para indicadores de incidência, consideramos apenas participantes sem o comportamento de risco antes da quarentena. Pessoas sem e com depressão apresentaram, respectivamente, incidência de inatividade física [70,1% (IC95%: 67,4-72,8) vs 76,3 (70,3-81,5)], elevado tempo assistindo TV [31,2 (29,6-32,8) vs 33,9 (30,5- 37,4)], baixa frequência de consumo de frutas ou vegetais [28,3 (25,8-31,0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] e frequência elevada de AUP [9,7 (8,9-10,7) vs 15,2 (13,0-17,7)]. Pessoas com diagnóstico prévio de depressão apresentaram maior probabilidade de incidência de elevado consumo de AUP [OR:1,49 (IC95%:1,21-1,83)]. Portanto, participantes com diagnóstico prévio de depressão apresentam maior risco de incidência de comportamentos alimentares não saudáveis.

Adherence to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a adesão da população às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Inquérito de saúde, realizado pela internet, com amostragem em cadeia, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A intensidade da adesão à restrição de contato físico foi analisada segundo características sociodemográficas, utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística para investigar associações com 'Nenhuma/pouca adesão'. Resultados: Dos 45.161 participantes, 74,2% (73,8-74,6%) relataram intensa adesão às medidas. O grupo que não aderiu às medidas foi composto homens (31,7%), com idade de 30 a 49 anos (36,4%), baixa escolaridade (33,0%), trabalhando durante a pandemia (81,3%), residentes nas regiões Norte (28,1%) e Centro-Oeste (28,5%) do país. Houve importante redução das taxas de crescimento diário, de 45,4 para 5,0%. Conclusão: Grande parte da população brasileira aderiu às medidas de restrição de contato físico, o que, possivelmente, contribuiu para reduzir a disseminação da COVID-19. Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la adhesión de los brasileños a las medidas de restricción de contacto físico y diseminación del COVID-19. Métodos: Encuesta de salud realizada por internet con muesteo em cadena entre 24 de abril y 24 de mayo de 2020. La intensidad de la adhesión a la restricción de contacto físico se analizó de acuerdo con características sociodemográficas, utilizando modelos de regresión logística para investigar asociaciones con 'Ninguna/poca adhesión'. Resultados: Participaron 45.161, de los cuales un 74,2% (73,8;74,6%) informó intensa adhesión. El grupo con poca adhesión se caracterizó por hombres (31,7%), 30-49 años (36,4%), baja educación (33,0%), que trabajaron durante la pandemia (81,3%), residiendo em las regiones Norte (28,1%) y Centro-Oeste (28,5%) del país. En Brasil hubo una reducción relevante em las tasas de crecimiento diario, del 45,4% al 5,0%. Conclusión: Gran parte de la población adhirió a las medidas de restricción de contacto físico, lo que posiblemente contribuyó a la disminución de la diseminación del COVID-19. Objective: To analyze the adherence of the population to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: This was a web-based health survey carried out from April 24 to May 24 2020 using a chain sampling procedure. Intensity of adherence to physical contact restriction measures was analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics, using logistic regression models to investigate associations with 'No/little adherence'. Results: Of the 45,161 participants, 74.2% (73.8;74.6%) reported intense adherence to the measures. The group that did not adhere to the measures was characterized by men (31.7%), those aged 30 to 49 (36.4%), those with low education levels (33.0%), those who worked during the pandemic (81.3%), those resident in the North (28.1%) and Midwest (28.5%) regions of the country. In Brazil as a whole, there was a decrease in COVID-19 daily growth rates, from 45.4% to 5.0%. Conclusion: A large part of the Brazilian population adhered to physical contact restriction measures, which possibly contributed to decreasing the spread of COVID-19.

ELSI-COVID-19 initiative: methodology of the telephone survey on coronavirus in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging

The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that particularly affects older people. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, ranking second with the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide as of mid-June 2020. The ELSI-COVID-19 initiative is based on telephone interviews with participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted on a nationally representative sample of the population aged 50 or older. This initiative aims to provide information on adherence to preventive measures (social distancing, wearing masks, and handwashing/hygiene);reasons for leaving the house, when that was the case;difficulties obtaining medications, medical diagnosis of COVID-19, and receipt of confirmatory results;use of health-care services (recent care-seeking, care-seeking location, care receipt, among other aspects);and mental health (sleep, depression, and loneliness). The first round of telephone interviews was conducted between May 26 and June 8, 2020. The second and third rounds are expected to occur within the coming months. This article presents this initiative methodology and some sociodemographic characteristics of the 6,149 participants in the survey first round, relative the Brazilian population within the same age group. La pandemia de COVID-19, causada por el SARS-CoV-2, es una emergencia pública global, que particularmente afecta a las personas mayores. Brasil es uno de los países más perjudicados por la pandemia, ocupando el segundo puesto en el mundo, en cuanto al número de casos confirmados y muertes hasta mediados de junio 2020. La iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19 está basada en entrevistas telefónicas de participantes en el Estudio Brasileño Longitudinal del Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil), realizado en una muestra nacional representativa de población con 50 años o más. Los objetivos principales de esta iniciativa son: producir información sobre la adherencia a las medidas preventivas (distanciemento social, llevar máscarillas faciales, y lavado de manos/higiene);así como las razones, cuando fuera el caso, para dejar el hogar, dificultades para conseguir medicación, diagnóstico médico de COVID-19 y recepción de test confirmatorios, uso de servicios de salud (búsqueda de cuidado recientemente, localización de la búsqueda de cuidado y recepción del mismo, entre otros aspectos);al igual que sobre salud mental (sueño, depresión y soledad). La primera ronda de entrevistas por teléfono se realizó entre el 26 de mayo y el 8 de junio de 2020. La segunda y tercera ronda de entrevistas se planificaron para que tuvieran lugar en los meses posteriores. Aquí, presentamos la metodología de esta iniciativa y algunas características sociodemográficas de los 6.149 participantes en la primera ronda de la encuesta, respecto a quienes dentro de la población brasileña estaban en el mismo rango de edad. A pandemia COVID-19 (causada pelo SARS-CoV-2) é uma emergência global de saúde pública, que afeta principalmente os mais velhos. O Brasil é um dos países mais impactados pela pandemia, ocupando o segundo lugar no mundo em número de casos confirmados e mortes em meados de junho de 2020. A iniciativa ELSI-COVID-19 é baseada em entrevistas telefônicas com participantes do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), realizado em amostra nacionalmente representativa da população com 50 anos ou mais. Os principais objetivos dessa iniciativa são produzir informação sobre a adesão às medidas preventivas (distanciamento social, uso de máscara facial e lavagem das mãos/higiene), motivos para sair de casa quando foi o caso, dificuldades na obtenção de medicamentos, diagnóstico médico de COVID-19 e recebimento de exames confirmatórios, utilização de serviços de saúde (procura recente por atendimento, local da procura e recebimento da atenção, entre outros aspectos) e saúde mental (sono, depressão e solidão). A primeira rodada de entrevistas por telefone foi realizada entre 26 de maio e 8 de junho de 2020. A segunda e a terceira rodadas de entrevistas estão planejadas para ocorrer nos próximos meses. Aqui, apresentamos a metodologia dessa iniciativa e algumas características sociodemográficas dos 6.149 participantes da primeira rodada da pesquisa em relação à população brasileira da mesma faixa etária.

Lifestyle behaviors changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among 6,881 Brazilian adults with depression and 35,143 without depression

Our aim was to analyze the association between previously diagnosed lifetime depression and changes in physical activity (PA), TV-viewing, consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as frequency of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Data of 41,923 Brazilian adults (6,881 with depression and 35,042 without depression) were used. Participants reported PA (&#8805;150 min/week), TV-viewing (&#8805;4 h/day), frequency of eating fruits or vegetables (&#8804;4 days/week) and UPF (&#8805;5 days/week). For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without the risk behavior before the quarantine. People without and with depression presented, respectively, incidence of physical inactivity [70.1% (95%CI: 67.4-72.8) vs 76.3 (70.3-81.5)], high TV-viewing [31.2 (29.6-32.8) vs 33.9 (30.5-37.4)], low frequency of fruit or vegetable consumption [28.3 (25.8-31.0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] and elevated frequency of UPF consumption [9.7 (8.9-10.7) vs 15.2 (13.0-17.7)]. Participants with depression were more likely to present elevated frequency of UPF consumption incidence [OR:1.49 (95%CI:1.21-1.83)]. Thus, participants with previous diagnosis of depression were at risk for incidence of unhealthy diet behaviors. Resumo Nosso objetivo foi analisar a associação entre depressão previamente diagnosticada e alterações na atividade física (AF), tempo assistindo TV, consumo de frutas e vegetais, bem como na frequência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP). Foram utilizados dados de 41.923 adultos brasileiros (6.881 com depressão e 35.042 sem depressão) de uma pesquisa de comportamentos em âmbito nacional. Os participantes relataram a prática de AF (&#8805;150 min / semana), tempo de TV (&#8805;4 h/dia), frequência de consumo de frutas ou vegetais (&#8804;4 dias/semana) e AUP (&#8805;5 dias/semana). Para indicadores de incidência, consideramos apenas participantes sem o comportamento de risco antes da quarentena. Pessoas sem e com depressão apresentaram, respectivamente, incidência de inatividade física [70,1% (IC95%: 67,4-72,8) vs 76,3 (70,3-81,5)], elevado tempo assistindo TV [31,2 (29,6-32,8) vs 33,9 (30,5- 37,4)], baixa frequência de consumo de frutas ou vegetais [28,3 (25,8-31,0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] e frequência elevada de AUP [9,7 (8,9-10,7) vs 15,2 (13,0-17,7)]. Pessoas com diagnóstico prévio de depressão apresentaram maior probabilidade de incidência de elevado consumo de AUP [OR:1,49 (IC95%:1,21-1,83)]. Portanto, participantes com diagnóstico prévio de depressão apresentam maior risco de incidência de comportamentos alimentares não saudáveis.

La pandemia de COVID-19 y los cambios en el estilo de vida de los adultos brasileños: un estudio transversal, 2020 The COVID-19 Pandemic and changes in adult Brazilian lifestyles: a cross-sectional study, 2020

Resumo Objetivo Descrever as mudanças nos estilos de vida, quanto ao consumo de tabaco, bebidas alcoólicas, alimentação e atividade física, no período de restrição social consequente à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados do inquérito ConVid sobre comportamentos em saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário on-line autopreenchido pelos participantes. Procedimentos de pós-estratificação foram empregados para o cálculo das prevalências e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Participaram 45.161 indivíduos com 18 ou mais anos de idade. Durante o período de restrição social, foi relatada diminuição da prática de atividade física e aumento do tempo em frente a telas, da ingestão de alimentos ultraprocessados, do número de cigarros fumados e do consumo de bebidas alcóolicas. Foram observadas diferenças segundo sexo e faixa etária. Conclusão Os resultados apontam uma piora dos estilos de vida e aumento de comportamentos de risco à saúde. Resumen Objetivo Describir los cambios en los estilos de vida, en relación al consumo de tabaco y alcohol, alimentación y actividad física, en el período de restricción social resultante de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Este es un estudio transversal realizado en Brasil con datos de la encuesta de salud virtual del ConVid sobre comportamiento en salud. Los datos se recolectaron en cuestionario online autocompletado por los participantes. Se emplearon procedimientos de post-estratificación para el cálculo de las prevalencias y el intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados Participaron 45.161 personas de 18 años o más. Durante el tiempo de restricción social se redujo la práctica de actividad física y hubo un aumento del tiempo frente a pantallas, a la ingestión de alimentos ultraprocesados, a la cantidad de cigarrillos y al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas. Se observaron diferencias según el sexo y el grupo de edad. Conclusión Los resultados indican un empeoramiento en el estilo de vida y un aumento de los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud. Objective To describe lifestyle changes with regard to consumption of tobacco and alcohol, food intake and physical activity, in the period of social restriction resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil with data from the ConVid online health behavior survey. The data were collected via an online questionnaire answered by the survey participants. Post-stratification procedures were used to calculate prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals. Results 45,161 individuals aged 18 years or more participated. During the period of social restriction participants reported a decrease in practicing physical activity and an increase in time spent using computers or tablets or watching TV, intake of ultra-processed foods, number of cigarettes smoked and alcoholic beverage consumption. Differences were observed according to sex and age group. Conclusion The results indicate a worsening of lifestyles and an increase in health risk behaviors.

Informe de tristeza/depresión, nerviosismo/ansiedad y problemas de sueño en la población adulta brasileña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de tristeza, nervosismo e alterações do sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, identificando os segmentos demográficos mais afetados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com questionário aplicado via web a adultos e idosos, coletando informações sobre condições de vida, saúde e comportamento. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalências ajustadas por idade e sexo. Resultados: De 45.161 brasileiros respondentes, verificou-se que, durante a pandemia, 40,4% (IC95% 39,0;41,8) se sentiram frequentemente tristes ou deprimidos, e 52,6% (IC95% 51,2;54,1) frequentemente ansiosos ou nervosos;43,5% (IC95% 41,8;45,3) relataram início de problemas de sono, e 48,0% (IC95% 45,6;50,5) problema de sono preexistente agravado. Tristeza, nervosismo frequentes e alterações do sono estiveram mais presentes entre adultos jovens, mulheres e pessoas com antecedente de depressão. Conclusão: As elevadas prevalências encontradas indicam a necessidade de garantir a provisão de serviços de atenção à saúde mental e à qualidade do sono, adaptados ao contexto pandêmico. Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia de tristeza, nerviosismo y trastornos del sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con cuestionario aplicado a adultos y ancianos vía web, que recopiló información sobre las condiciones de vida, la salud y los comportamientos de salud. Se estimaron prevalencias y razones de prevalencia que se ajustaron por edad y sexo. Resultados: Con datos de 45.161 encuestados, se encontró que el 40,4% (IC95% 41,4;46,7) de los brasileños a menudo se sentía triste o deprimido y el 52,6% (IC95% 51,2;54,1) a menudo ansioso o nervioso;el 43,5% (IC95% 41,8;45,3) comenzó a tener trastornos de sueño y el 48,0% (IC95% 45,6;50,5) tuvo trastorno de sueño previo agravado. La tristeza, el nerviosismo y los trastornos del sueño fueron mucho más intensos en adultos jóvenes, mujeres y personas con antecedentes de depresión. Conclusión: Las altas prevalencias encontradas indican la necesidad de garantizar la provisión de servicios a la salud mental y a la calidad del sueño, de forma adaptada al contexto pandémico. Objective: To analyze the frequency of sadness, nervousness, and sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying the most affected demographic segments. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire answered by adults and elderly people to collect information on living conditions, health and health-related behaviors. Prevalence rates and prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex were estimated. Results: The data on 45,161 Brazilian respondents showed that during the pandemic 40.4% (95%CI 39.0;41.8) frequently felt sad or depressed and 52.6% (95%CI 51.2;54.1) frequently felt anxious or nervous;43.5% (95%CI 41.8;45.3) reported the onset of sleep problems and 48.0% (95%CI 45.6;50.5) had a prior sleep problem that had become worse. Frequent sadness and nervousness, as well as change in sleep patterns were higher in young adults, women and those with a history of depression. Conclusion: The high prevalence found indicates the need to guarantee the provision of services for mental health and quality of sleep that are adapted to the pandemic context.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and changes in adult Brazilian lifestyles: a cross-sectional study, 2020. / A pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças no estilo de vida dos brasileiros adultos: um estudo transversal, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To describe lifestyle changes with regard to consumption of tobacco and alcohol, food intake and physical activity, in the period of social restriction resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil with data from the ConVid online health behavior survey. The data were collected via an online questionnaire answered by the survey participants. Post-stratification procedures were used to calculate prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: 45,161 individuals aged 18 years or more participated. During the period of social restriction participants reported a decrease in practicing physical activity and an increase in time spent using computers or tablets or watching TV, intake of ultra-processed foods, number of cigarettes smoked and alcoholic beverage consumption. Differences were observed according to sex and age group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a worsening of lifestyles and an increase in health risk behaviors.

Lifestyle behaviors changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among 6,881 Brazilian adults with depression and 35,143 without depression.

Our aim was to analyze the association between previously diagnosed lifetime depression and changes in physical activity (PA), TV-viewing, consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as frequency of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Data of 41,923 Brazilian adults (6,881 with depression and 35,042 without depression) were used. Participants reported PA (≥ 150 min/week), TV-viewing (≥ 4 h/day), frequency of eating fruits or vegetables (≤ 4 days/week) and UPF (≥ 5 days/week). For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without the risk behavior before the quarantine. People without and with depression presented, respectively, incidence of physical inactivity [70.1% (95%CI: 67.4-72.8) vs 76.3 (70.3-81.5)], high TV-viewing [31.2 (29.6-32.8) vs 33.9 (30.5-37.4)], low frequency of fruit or vegetable consumption [28.3 (25.8-31.0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] and elevated frequency of UPF consumption [9.7 (8.9-10.7) vs 15.2 (13.0-17.7)]. Participants with depression were more likely to present elevated frequency of UPF consumption incidence [OR:1.49 (95%CI:1.21-1.83)]. Thus, participants with previous diagnosis of depression were at risk for incidence of unhealthy diet behaviors.

Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of sadness, nervousness, and sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying the most affected demographic segments. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire answered by adults and elderly people to collect information on living conditions, health and health-related behaviors. Prevalence rates and prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex were estimated. RESULTS: The data on 45,161 Brazilian respondents showed that during the pandemic 40.4% (95%CI 39.0;41.8) frequently felt sad or depressed and 52.6% (95%CI 51.2;54.1) frequently felt anxious or nervous; 43.5% (95%CI 41.8;45.3) reported the onset of sleep problems and 48.0% (95%CI 45.6;50.5) had a prior sleep problem that had become worse. Frequent sadness and nervousness, as well as change in sleep patterns were higher in young adults, women and those with a history of depression. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence found indicates the need to guarantee the provision of services for mental health and quality of sleep that are adapted to the pandemic context.